Choosing the right filament is one of the most important decisions in every 3D printing project. Some of the materials most commonly considered in this matter are PLA and ABS, two thermoplastics with distinct properties and multiple possible applications. Both of them are popular in FDM 3D printing, but they tend to be preferred for specific uses.

So, what is the difference between PLA and ABS? What are their most recommended applications? Take a look at our comprehensive PLA vs. ABS filament comparison to find out!

What Are PLA and ABS?

To understand the difference between PLA and ABS, it’s essential to know what each filament is and why they’re so widely used in 3D printing.

PLA (Polylactic Acid)

PLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources like cornstarch or sugarcane. It is one of the most frequently used bioplastics suitable for numerous applications from decorative items to medical devices.

Compared to some of the other 3D printing filaments, PLA is relatively cost-efficient and allows for the printing of high-quality elements with rather smooth surface finishes. It is also easy to work with, as it requires lower printing temperatures and produces minimal warping. It’s also stiffer than ABS or nylon.

However, you need to take into account that PLA is not really resistant to high temperatures, harsh chemicals, or great stress.

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)

ABS is an amorphous thermoplastic polymer with a disordered structure based on petroleum. It is quite tough and impact-resistant, with better mechanical properties than PLA, yet light and durable.

As ABS is less likely to crack under pressure, it is often used to produce functional parts and tools. You can also find it in electronics housing, household appliances, toys (LEGO bricks, for example), and many more applications.

However, it is crucial to note that ABS is not completely heat-resistant, so it needs to be used with caution. Also, it can be challenging to print due to its tendency to warp and produce strong odors.

Key Differences Between PLA and ABS

When choosing between PLA and ABS, it helps to look at specific performance metrics and other technical details. Here's a side-by-side comparison:

Important Aspects of PLA and ABS

When evaluating PLA and ABS, you should take a look at the most significant factors that differentiate them. Some of them are as follows:

Heat Resistance

If your project requires high heat resistance, ABS will be a better choice than PLA. PLA begins to soften and deform at around 60°C, making it unsuitable for high-temperature environments.

ABS is far superior in heat resistance, as it can bear temperatures up to 100°C or more without losing structural integrity.

Surface Finishes and Post-Processing

No matter if PLA or ABS is used in a 3D printing service, the produced items will always have visible layers. However, PLA typically provides a smoother and shinier surface finish compared to ABS, which usually prints in a matte finish. This is due to its lower printing temperature and reduced warping tendencies, allowing for higher detail and sharper edges in printed parts.

Both materials can be post-processed but with certain differences. ABS can withstand sanding without cracking, and it is also suitable for acetone vapor smoothing.

PLA cannot be smoothed with acetone or sanded too harshly, but it can be subjected to thermoforming techniques, allowing for additional shaping after printing. This, however, is not applicable to ABS.

Cost and Availability

When shopping for 3D printing filaments, you’re likely to notice that PLA and ABS cost about the same. It’s a perfect choice if your application doesn’t require high heat, impact, or chemical resistance.

When it comes to availability, both materials are easily accessible, with PLA being slightly more popular due to its eco-friendly properties.

Applications of PLA and ABS

Here are the most common applications of both materials:

Popular PLA Applications

Prototyping

PLA is extensively used for quick prototyping in engineering and design. Its ease of printing and low cost make it ideal for creating functional prototypes that can be tested for form, fit, and function before moving on to more expensive materials or manufacturing processes.

Art and Decorative Items

Artists use PLA to create figurines, wall decorations, and other artistic projects due to its ability to produce high-quality finishes and intricate designs. PLA's wide range of colors also enhances its appeal for decorative items.

Toys and Household Items

PLA is commonly used to manufacture safe, non-toxic toys for children. Its properties make it suitable for creating simple toys and household items such as organizers or decorations.

Education

PLA is popular in educational settings for teaching STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) concepts. Schools and universities utilize 3D printing with PLA to provide hands-on experience in design and engineering.

Popular ABS Applications

Functional Parts and Components

ABS is excellent for producing functional parts that require durability and heat resistance. Common applications include:

• Automotive Components: Custom brackets, mounts, and housings that can withstand heat and vibration.
• Consumer Electronics: Enclosures and casings for devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops.
• Industrial Equipment: Components that must endure mechanical stress in machinery or tools.

Tooling

ABS is often used to create tooling components such as jigs, fixtures, and molds. Its machinability and strength make it suitable for low-cost tool production in various manufacturing processes.

Electrical Enclosures

Due to its excellent electrical insulation properties, ABS is commonly used for creating housings and covers for electrical components, providing safety and protection from environmental factors.

Medical Applications

In the medical field, ABS can be utilized for producing low-cost prosthetics, tool handles, and other custom medical devices that require strength and precision.

How to Decide Between PLA and ABS

Choosing between PLA and ABS depends on the specific requirements of your project. Here’s a practical guide to help you make the best decision:

1. Consider Your Application

Choose PLA if: You’re working on decorative models, prototypes, or low-stress items. It’s perfect for projects where aesthetics matter more than strength.

Choose ABS if: You need durable, relatively heat-resistant parts, such as functional prototypes, mechanical components, or outdoor items.

2. Assess Your Printing Setup

Choose PLA if: You’re using a basic 3D printer without a heated bed or an enclosure. PLA is forgiving and works well even in less controlled environments.

Choose ABS if: You have a professional 3D printer with a heated bed and an enclosed build chamber to prevent warping and ensure consistent results.

3. Evaluate Your Experience Level

Choose PLA if: You’re a beginner or prioritize simplicity. PLA is easy to work with and has minimal setup requirements.

Choose ABS if: You’re an experienced user comfortable managing warping, fumes, and advanced post-processing techniques.

4. Think About Environmental Impact

Choose PLA if: You prioritize eco-friendliness and want a biodegradable material made from renewable resources.

Choose ABS if: You’re focused on durability and do not mind using a petroleum-based material for your project.

5. Consider Budget and Availability

Choose PLA if: You’re on a budget or need readily available filament. PLA is typically more affordable and widely available.

Choose ABS if: You’re willing to invest slightly more in a material that offers superior strength and versatility.

Conclusion

Choosing between PLA and ABS requires understanding your project’s needs and the strengths of each filament. Both materials have unique properties that make them stand out for specific applications.

With a wide variety of filament types from affordable, general use materials to high-quality, engineering-grade materials for demanding industrial applications, BigRep has what you need - specialized for large-format 3D printing to bring your designs to life in full scale.

Get in touch with us today!